Since 1981, the number of cases brought before the CJUE concerning one or more pieces of EU Water legislation : 157 actions for failures by Member States to fulfil their obligations; 19 references for preliminary rulings and 2 actions for annulment (including one case related to the choice of the legal basis). Other environmental litigation (Directive 2011/92/UE modified by Directive 2014/52/EU, Directive 92/43/EEC (…), the issue of impacts on water or on the conservation in a favourable state of aquatic ecosystem and species can also be addressed.